Immune Response Modulators

GeminiVax vaccine candidates can be further strengthened by incorporating selected immunomodulatory peptides, or IMPs, when a specific modulation of the immune response is required.

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IMPs are short bioactive peptide sequences designed to influence how the immune system recognises and processes vaccine antigens. Depending on the selected IMP, they may help enhance cytotoxic T-cell responses, support stronger antibody formation, or shift the balance of the immune response toward the profile most relevant for protection against a particular pathogen (provided by Aptum Adjuvants Ltd, UK).

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A key target of IMP activity is the antigen-presenting cell compartment, including dendritic cells, macrophages and other cells responsible for antigen uptake, processing and presentation. By influencing the activation and polarisation of these cells, IMPs may help improve antigen presentation, strengthen T-cell priming and increase the quality of vaccine-induced immune memory.

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For GeminiVax, IMPs provide an additional layer of vaccine optimisation. They can be incorporated into selected vaccine constructs when the target disease requires stronger cellular immunity, broader immune activation, or a more balanced humoral and cytotoxic response.

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This approach allows GeminiVax to tailor vaccine candidates not only by selecting pathogen-specific B-cell and T-cell epitopes, but also by actively shaping the immune environment in which these epitopes are presented.